Reassessing the role of stochastic forcing in the 1997--1998 El Niño

Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical forcing: a new paradigm for El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Altimeter-derived surface circulation in the large-scale NE Pacific Gyres. Part 2: 1997–1998 El Niño anomalies

Changes in the sea surface heights (SSH) and geostrophic transports in the NE Pacific are examined during the 1997–1998 El Niño using altimeter data, sea level pressure (SLP) fields, proxy winds and satellite sea surface temperature (SST). Most of the signal occurs along the boundaries of the basin from Panama to the Alaska Peninsula. Changes in the SSH and alongshore transports along the bound...

The 1997-1998 El Niño: “Old El Niños do die, and they die quickly”

In early May of 1998 we saw the sea surface temperature signature of one of the strongest El Niños on record decay within a span of several weeks. At 125W the SST dropped over 5 oC in 17 days. What caused this abrupt end to the 1997-1998 El Niño? It is my goal to attempt to answer this question, at least in part, through the investigation of TAO mooring data including wind velocity, ocean SST, ...

Vertical propagation of extratropical Rossby waves during the 1997-1998 El Niño off the west coast of South America in a medium-resolution OGCM simulation

Predictive Skill of Statistical and Dynamical Climate Models in SST Forecasts during the 1997–98 El Niño Episode and the 1998 La Niña Onset

In the last decade and a half, our improved ability to forecast El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) warm and cold events (El Niño and La Niña, respectively) at longer lead times can be attributed to several factors. Foremost among these are our increasingly improved data observing and analysis/assimilation systems, higher computer speed and storage capacity, and increased understanding of the t...